The Only Varanasi Hotels Truly Worth a Once-in-a-Lifetime Stay

December 30, 2025

1. BrijRama Palace ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Verdict: ABSOLUTE YES (Spiritual + Heritage Icon)

  • 18th-century palace directly on Dashashwamedh Ghat

  • Arrival by private boat on the Ganga (this alone is unforgettable)

  • Front-row seat to Ganga Aarti from your own terrace

  • Zero road noise, impossible elsewhere in Varanasi

👉 If you stay only one hotel in Varanasi in your life, this is it.
Comparable globally to staying inside old Venice or on the Nile in Aswan.


2. Taj Nadesar Palace ⭐⭐⭐⭐½

Verdict: YES (Royal serenity, not ritual immersion)

  • 19th-century royal estate

  • Massive private gardens, rare in Varanasi

  • Impeccable Taj service

  • You experience Varanasi in the morning, and peace at night

👉 Once-in-lifetime for those who want heritage + calm,
not constant chaos of ghats.


3. Tree of Life Resort & Spa ⭐⭐⭐⭐

Verdict: CONDITIONAL YES

  • On the banks of the Ganga, outside city madness

  • Morning rituals, yoga, silence

  • Less “city soul”, more spiritual retreat

👉 Once-in-lifetime if your goal is inner reset,
not if you want nonstop old-city immersion.



🏆 FINAL WORLD-CLASS CURATED VERDICT (VARANASI)

🌍 Only these truly qualify as ONCE-IN-A-LIFETIME:

  1. 🥇 BrijRama Palace
    Unmatched immersion into the soul of Varanasi

  2. 🥈 Taj Nadesar Palace
    Royal calm + flawless service

  3. 🥉 Tree of Life Resort & Spa
    Spiritual retreat, not city chaos

Everything else = good hotels, not life memories.

Read More

The Only Agra Hotels Truly Worth a Once-in-a-Lifetime Stay

December 30, 2025

1. The Oberoi Amarvilas ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Verdict: ABSOLUTE YES (Global Icon)

  • Taj Mahal visible from almost every room

  • One of the top 5 monument-view hotels in the world

  • You don’t “stay” here, you experience the Taj

  • Comparable globally to:

    • Burj Al Arab (Dubai)

    • Ritz-Carlton Kyoto (river view)

    • Marina Bay Sands (skyline)

👉 If someone stays only one hotel in Agra in their life, this is it.


2. ITC Mughal ⭐⭐⭐⭐½

Verdict: YES (For resort lovers)

  • Massive Mughal-era inspired estate

  • Best spa + gardens experience in Agra

  • You feel like a Mughal noble, not a tourist

  • No direct Taj view but compensates with scale & serenity

👉 Once-in-lifetime if you value space, wellness & grandeur


3. Tajview - IHCL SeleQtions ⭐⭐⭐⭐

Verdict: CONDITIONAL YES

  • Partial Taj views (select rooms only)

  • Strong heritage vibe

  • Excellent value vs Amarvilas

👉 Once-in-a-lifetime only if Amarvilas is unaffordable
Otherwise, it’s the “smart compromise”, not the ultimate dream.


🏆 FINAL WORLD-CLASS VERDICT (Curated List)

🌍 If I had to certify ONLY TRUE ONCE-IN-LIFETIME stays in Agra:

  1. 🥇 The Oberoi Amarvilas – Non-negotiable

  2. 🥈 ITC Mughal – Grand resort experience

  3. 🥉 Tajview - IHCL SeleQtions – Only as a premium alternative

Everything else = excellent hotels, not life experiences.

Read More

10 Very Lesser-Known Hidden Gems of Uttar Pradesh

November 20, 2025

🗺️ Deeply Unexplored UP Gems

  1. Deogarh (Lalitpur District, Bundelkhand)

    • Why it's a gem: Home to the spectacular Dashavatara Temple, one of the oldest surviving stone temples in North India (Gupta Period, 5th century CE). It is also a site of ancient Jain temples and a massive fort on the Betwa River, yet remains overshadowed by the Khajuraho/Orchha circuit.

  2. Shivala (Shahjahanpur District)

    • Why it's a gem: Locally referred to as a "ghost town," this once-thriving settlement now stands as a collection of beautiful but crumbling havelis, forgotten bazaars, and abandoned mosques/temples, offering a rare, untouched look at forgotten urban history.

  3. Kapilvastu / Piprahwa (Siddharthnagar District)

    • Why it's a gem: While Sarnath and Kushinagar are famous, Piprahwa is believed by many archaeologists to be the true ancient site of Kapilvastu, where Prince Siddhartha (Gautam Buddha) spent the first 29 years of his life. It contains a massive stupa and ruins, making it a critical, yet less-visited, Buddhist pilgrimage spot.

  4. Tanda Falls (Mirzapur District)

    • Why it's a gem: A remote, cascading natural waterfall and reservoir tucked deep into the forested terrain near the Vindhyachal range. Unlike Lakhaniya Dari (which is now moderately known), Tanda Falls offers a quieter, more local nature escape, particularly beautiful in the post-monsoon season.

  5. Shringverpur (Prayagraj District)

    • Why it's a gem: A profoundly mythological site on the banks of the Ganga. It is the place where Lord Rama crossed the Ganga during his exile, with the help of the boatman Nishadraj. The ruins of the ancient capital and the scenic Ramchaura area are peaceful and spiritually significant, but largely a regional secret.

  6. Gola Gokaran Nath Temple (Lakhimpur Kheri District)

    • Why it's a gem: Known as 'Chhoti Kashi' (Mini-Kashi), this ancient Shiva temple complex draws huge crowds during festivals but is unknown to general tourists. Legend says the Shiva Lingam here was gifted by Lord Shiva himself to Ravana.

  7. Sankat Mochan Temple (Jalaun District)

    • Why it's a gem: Located in the Bundelkhand region, this temple on the banks of the Yamuna River is dedicated to Lord Hanuman. It is a classic example of unpretentious, centuries-old regional temple architecture and local devotion, far from the grander sites.

  8. Barua Sagar (Jhansi District)

    • Why it's a gem: An ancient town near Jhansi, featuring the ruins of a Jarai-ka-math (a 9th-century Pratihara-era temple) and a large, picturesque reservoir (Barua Sagar Lake). It holds Chandela-era ruins but often gets bypassed for the main Jhansi Fort.

  9. Kushinagar Museum (Kushinagar)

    • Why it's a gem: While Kushinagar itself (where Buddha attained Mahaparinirvana) is known, the on-site Kushinagar Museum is a treasure trove. It houses over 1300 artifacts, including pottery, sculptures, and terracotta figures recovered from local excavations, offering deeper context than the famous main stupas.

  10. Lodh-I-Shaheed Mazar (Farrukhabad District)

    • Why it's a gem: A historical site dedicated to the martyrs of the 1857 Indian Rebellion. It's a place of patriotic importance and quiet reflection, specifically commemorating the local heroes who rose against the British, and remains a powerful, non-commercialized landmark of regional history.

Read More

Top 10 Tourist-Friendly Lakes in Uttar Pradesh

November 16, 2025

1. Ramgarh Tal – Gorakhpur

Biggest city lake in UP with boating, zoo, parks, cafés, evening lights.



2. Keetham Lake (Sur Sarovar) – Agra

Calm, beautiful lake with a bird sanctuary—perfect for photography.

3. Chuka Lake – Pilibhit Tiger Reserve

Forest lake with eco-huts; wildlife + lake experience.

4. Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar (Rihand Reservoir) – Sonbhadra

India’s largest man-made lake; massive water body and hill views.

5. Mati Lake Belt (40 km region) – Sonbhadra

Long stretch in hilly terrain; ideal for resorts & water tourism.

6. Belasagar Lake – Mahoba

Clean, wide, peaceful; great for sunrise/sunset.

7. Barua Sagar Lake – Jhansi district

Historic lake with fort view; scenic and photogenic.

8. Matatila Reservoir – Lalitpur

Popular for boating and wide freshwater views.

9. Pahuj Reservoir – Jhansi region

Long lake-like reservoir; best for long-drive + lakeside stops.

10. Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary Lake – Unnao

Migratory birds, walking trails, and quiet lakeside nature.

Read More

6 Festivals of Uttar Pradesh You Must Experience Once in Your Lifetime

November 05, 2025

If India has a heartbeat, it beats strongest in Uttar Pradesh: a land where faith, color, and culture blend into pure magic. From Ayodhya’s riverside glow to Mathura’s riot of colors, every festival here tells a story older than time itself. Whether you’re a traveler, a devotee, or just someone chasing unforgettable experiences, these six festivals of UP deserve a spot on your bucket list.

6 Festivals of Uttar Pradesh You Must Experience Once in Your Lifetime


🌟 1️⃣ Deepotsav – Ayodhya

Every year around Diwali, the city of Ayodhya transforms into a sea of golden light. Deepotsav celebrates Lord Ram’s return to Ayodhya, with millions of diyas lighting up the ghats of the Sarayu River, a sight so breathtaking it has entered the Guinness World Records. The evening fills with Ram Leela performances, fireworks, and devotion that touches the soul.

📍 Best time: October–November
💡 Travel Tip: Reach by evening to witness the grand diya-lighting ceremony, an unforgettable spectacle.


🪔 2️⃣ Dev Deepawali – Varanasi

Two weeks after Diwali, Varanasi celebrates Dev Deepawali, believed to be the day gods descend to Earth. Every ghat along the Ganga is illuminated with diyas, reflecting a celestial glow on the river’s surface. The Ganga Aarti amid this golden light feels like stepping into another world: serene, spiritual, and surreal.

📍 Best time: Fifteen days after Diwali
💡 Travel Tip: Take a boat ride for the best panoramic view of the illuminated ghats.


🕉️ 3️⃣ Magh Mela / Mahakumbh – Prayagraj

Prayagraj hosts one of the world’s largest religious gatherings, the Magh Mela, and every 12 years, the even grander Mahakumbh. Millions of pilgrims gather at the Triveni Sangam to take a sacred dip at dawn. It’s more than a festival; it’s a living expression of India’s spiritual unity and faith that has continued for millennia.

📍 Best time: January–February
💡 Travel Tip: Visit during early morning hours to witness sunrise prayers and the sacred bathing rituals.


💦 4️⃣ Ganga Mela – Kanpur

Kanpur’s Ganga Mela is a colorful blend of Holi celebration and devotion to the Ganga River. Locals commemorate the end of British rule and celebrate freedom with color, music, and sweets. Unlike traditional Holi, this festival focuses on unity, heritage, and the sacred bond between people and the river.

📍 Best time: March (a few days after Holi)
💡 Travel Tip: Join locals at the Ganga ghats; it’s a lively, authentic experience of Kanpur’s festive spirit.


🎨 5️⃣ Holi Mahotsav – Mathura

No one plays Holi like Mathura and Vrindavan, the birthplace of Lord Krishna. Here, colors become language, laughter becomes prayer, and love fills the air. Experience Lathmar Holi in Barsana, temple celebrations in Vrindavan, and a joy so infectious it stays with you long after the colors fade.

📍 Best time: March
💡 Travel Tip: Wear white, leave valuables behind, and just dive into the celebration. This is Holi at its purest.


🕌 6️⃣ Taj Mahotsav – Agra

Set against the backdrop of the Taj Mahal, Taj Mahotsav is a 10-day festival celebrating India’s art, culture, and heritage. Expect folk dances, live music, craft bazaars, and traditional cuisines all in one vibrant space. It’s a beautiful way to explore India’s creative side while enjoying the timeless beauty of Agra.

📍 Best time: February
💡 Travel Tip: Don’t miss the craft stalls; they feature handmade treasures from artisans across India.


Why You Should Go

Uttar Pradesh’s festivals are not just events; they’re once-in-a-lifetime experiences that bring together light, devotion, and joy. Whether you’re watching diyas float on the Ganga or getting drenched in colors in Mathura, these moments define the real essence of India.

So, pack your bags, follow the festive trail, and let Uttar Pradesh show you what it truly means to celebrate life. 🇮🇳✨

Read More

List of Forts in Uttar Pradesh: A Fort-by-Fort Journey Across Uttar Pradesh

July 09, 2025

List of Forts in Uttar Pradesh: A Fort-by-Fort Journey Across Uttar Pradesh

✅ Starting with Meerut Division (6 districts)j:

1. Meerut

  • Meerut Fort (St. John's area) – British cantonment-era fortifications, mostly dismantled. Not a traditional Indian fort, but remnants remain in military zone.

  • Condition: Mostly gone; military zone.

  • Significance: 1857 revolt origin.

2. Baghpat

  • Unchagaon Fort – Heritage property near Garhmukteshwar (technically in Bulandshahr but sometimes associated with Baghpat boundary).

  • Privately owned heritage fort-palace.

  • No ASI listing.

3. Bulandshahr

  • Anupshahr Fort (Ganga ghat) – Historical site of local zamindari; more of a palace.

  • Unchagaon Fort – As above.

  • Kuchesar Fort

    • Location: Kuchesar village, ~80 km from Delhi.

    • Built by: Jat rulers of the Dalal dynasty in 18th century (circa 1734 CE).

    • Historical Importance: Served as the seat of Jat zamindars under the Mughal Empire and British Raj. A symbol of regional power in Upper Doab.

    • Architecture: Mud & brick fort with high bastions, courtyards, and colonial elements from later restorations.

    • Current Use: Restored and leased as Heritage Hotel (Neemrana Group). Also used for films like Emergency and Veer Zaara.

    • Status: Privately restored, not under ASI but a model for public-private heritage tourism.

  • Danpur Fort (Danpur ka Kila)

    • Location: Danpur town, Bulandshahr district.

    • Believed Built: Possibly 11th–12th century, likely by local Rajput chieftains or Gahadavala lineage.

    • Historical Data: Very sparse. Locals mention deep moats and buried walls. Could have been a feudal outpost or garhi.

    • Condition: Mostly ruins or integrated into habitation. Needs archaeological survey.

    • Status: Not protected by ASI or state, at risk of vanishing.

4. Ghaziabad

  • No major fort; has old zamindari havelis.

  • Possible leads: Loni Fort (ruins of Mughal serai near Loni border with Delhi).

5. Hapur

  • No major fort recorded. Mostly rural towns.

  • May contain ruins or local jagir residences.

6. Gautam Buddha Nagar (Noida)

  • No traditional fort; only remnants of Mughal caravanserais or watchposts.


🔷 Agra Division (Districts: Agra, Firozabad, Mainpuri, Mathura)

1. Agra District

  • Agra Fort

    • Builder: Emperor Akbar (1573)

    • Style: Mughal red sandstone fortress

    • Status: UNESCO World Heritage, ASI-protected

    • Significance: Mughal capital; residence of Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan

    • Condition: Excellent

  • Fatehpur Sikri Fort / Palace Complex

    • Builder: Emperor Akbar (1571–73)

    • Style: Indo-Islamic; includes Buland Darwaza, Diwan-i-Khas, Panch Mahal

    • Status: UNESCO World Heritage, ASI-protected

    • Significance: First planned Mughal city; brief imperial capital

    • Condition: Excellent


2. Firozabad District

  • Hathvan Fort Ruins (Tundla area)

    • Builder: Local Jat/Zamindar lineage (18th–19th c.)

    • Style: Brick fortification, village stronghold

    • Status: Not ASI-listed

    • Significance: Rural feudal heritage

    • Condition: Ruins

  • Jasrana Fort (border area with Mainpuri)

    • Likely remnants of local feudatory rule

    • Status: Unprotected

    • Condition: Unknown


3. Mainpuri District

  • Mainpuri Fort (Fort Katra area)

    • Builder: Local rulers, possibly Maratha-associated

    • Style: Laterite/brick, now mostly ruins

    • Status: Not ASI-listed

    • Significance: Historical stronghold; minimal remains

    • Condition: Poor

  • Bewar Fort (Bewar town)

    • Builder: Regional chiefs

    • Condition: Trace remains, village-use walls

  • Tej Singh Fort (Bhadaura Kila)

    • Location: Bhadaura village, Mainpuri District, near the banks of the Yamuna River.

    • Historical Association: Attributed to Raja Tej Singh, likely a regional chief from the 18th century, possibly Bundela or Jat lineage.

    • Architecture & Condition: Once featured defensive stone walls and a deep moat-like trench; today much of the structure has deteriorated, overgrown, and encroached upon.

    • Current Status: Not protected by ASI or state; has not been officially surveyed in recent years.

    • Conservation Urgency: Needs:

      1. Archaeological documentation and mapping

      2. Boundary demarcation and fencing

      3. A formal listing to enable preservation and potential adaptive reuse


4. Mathura District

  • Govardhan Fort (Ruins)

    • Builder: Local rulers of Bharatpur/Jat rule era (18th c.)

    • Status: Not ASI-listed

    • Significance: Guard post for pilgrimage routes

    • Condition: Partial remains

  • Kotwali Fort (Mathura city)

    • Built by: Possibly Kushan or Gupta-era reused by later rulers

    • Condition: Archaeological mound, encroached

    • Significance: Mythological links to Krishna legends

    • Status: ASI-sensitive site (some parts surveyed)

🔷 Aligarh Division (Districts: Aligarh, Hathras, Kasganj, Etah)


1. Aligarh District

  • Aligarh Fort (Aligarh Qila / Bonay Chor ka Qila)

    • Builder: 1524–25 by Muhammad, son of Ibrahim Lodi’s governor

    • Expanded by: Mughals, Marathas (Sabit Khan), French engineers

    • Style: Polygonal fort on a hill, deep moat, Mughal-European blend

    • Status: ASI-listed monument (S-UP-5); partially managed by AMU

    • Significance: Site of 1803 Anglo-Maratha war; 1857 Revolt stirrings

    • Condition: Moderate; partly intact; used by AMU Botanical Dept


2. Hathras District

  • Hathras Fort (Kila Gate / Raja Dayaram Fort)

    • Builder: Raja Dayaram (early 19th century, during British era)

    • Style: Brick and sandstone; part fort, part palace; defensive bastions

    • Status: Not ASI-listed; under local heritage watch

    • Significance: Resisted British in 1817 (Siege of Hathras)

    • Condition: Partially intact; modified for residential/commercial use


3. Kasganj District

  • Soron Fort (Soron Shukar Kshetra area)

    • Builder: Possibly Chandela or later Rajput rulers

    • Style: Small river-side fortification; religious-military mix

    • Status: Not ASI-listed

    • Significance: Linked to mythological and pilgrimage sites

    • Condition: Ruins; encroached

  • Minda Khera Fort (Minda Khera village)

    • Regional fort with village dominance, possibly 18th c.

    • Condition: Partial ruins

    • Status: Not protected


4. Etah District

  • Awagarh Fort (Awagarh town)

    • Builder: Jadon Rajputs, 12th century onward; expanded by Raja Balwant Singh (19th c.)

    • Style: Large hill fort with inner ramparts, gardens, palace sections

    • Status: Privately held (descendants of Raja Balwant Singh); not ASI-listed

    • Significance: Most prominent fort in Etah region; culturally preserved

    • Condition: Good (some parts well-maintained); tourism permitted

  • Etah Fort (Etah town)

    • Lesser known, local stronghold remains

    • Status: Not protected

    • Condition: Trace elements only

🔷 Bareilly Division

(Districts: Bareilly, Badaun, Pilibhit, Shahjahanpur)


1. Bareilly District

  • Ramnagar Fort (Ahichhatra, near Aonla)

    • Builder: Possibly Kushana-era fortification; reused in medieval period

    • Style: Earth mounds, brick ramparts; archaeological site

    • Status: ASI-listed (under excavation by Archaeological Survey of India)

    • Significance: Ahichhatra was the capital of Northern Panchala (Mahabharata-era kingdom); continuous habitation since ~1000 BCE

    • Condition: Neglected, encroached in parts, no proper fort remains above ground

  • Bhamora Fort (Bhamora town)

    • Builder: Local zamindars in late medieval period

    • Status: Not protected

    • Condition: Partially ruined; privately encroached

    • Significance: Minor local fortification


2. Badaun District

  • Badaun Fort (also called Kotwali area mound)

    • Builder: Possibly early Delhi Sultanate / Chauhan Rajputs

    • Style: Earth mound, medieval stone fragments, reused by Pathans

    • Status: Not formally ASI-listed

    • Significance: Badaun was capital of Iltutmish for some time; location of early Delhi Sultanate activities

    • Condition: Mostly urbanized; fort lost in urban growth


3. Pilibhit District

  • Old Fort Area (Jama Masjid zone)

    • Builder: Hafiz Rahmat Khan Rohilla (18th century)

    • Style: Rohilla-style fort-palace with Islamic influences

    • Status: Partially preserved as old jail/quarters

    • Significance: Pilibhit was a Rohilla stronghold; masjid in same style as Delhi’s Jama Masjid

    • Condition: Fragmented remains; mostly repurposed

  • Chuka Fort (Forest zone, Terai belt)

    • Unconfirmed local ruins, near Sharda canal forest zone

    • Status: Not protected

    • Condition: Requires on-ground survey


4. Shahjahanpur District

  • Fort of Diler Khan / Nawab Fort (Shahjahanpur town)

    • Builder: Diler Khan, a general under Shah Jahan (17th century)

    • Style: Mughal-Rohilla hybrid; inner palace, gardens, domes

    • Status: Not ASI-protected

    • Significance: Shahjahanpur was founded as a military outpost of the Mughals

    • Condition: Some remains survive; mosque and fort gate visible

  • Powayan Fort (Powayan town)

    • Builder: Regional zamindars, pre-1857 era

    • Condition: Private property; some preserved

    • Status: Not protected

    • Significance: Local historical site

🔷 Lucknow Division

(Districts: Lucknow, Unnao, Raebareli, Hardoi, Sitapur, Lakhimpur Kheri)


1. Lucknow District

  • Machhi Bhawan (Old Lucknow Fort)

    • Builder: Originally Nawabs of Awadh (17th–18th century); site had earlier Mughal outpost

    • Style: Indo-Islamic with palace-fort blend; enclosed by ramparts near river

    • Status: ASI-protected site (part of older Lucknow heritage zone)

    • Significance: Headquarters of Nawabs; destroyed in 1857 revolt

    • Condition: Only ruins; foundations and partial arches remain

  • Fort-like Complex of Dilkusha Kothi

    • Builder: British (early 19th c); built in English baroque style

    • Status: ASI-protected

    • Significance: Used as British base during 1857 siege

    • Condition: Ruins preserved as heritage site


2. Unnao District

  • Unnao Fort (Old Kotwali region)

    • Builder: Local rulers (possibly Gaur Rajputs), 16th–17th c.

    • Status: Not protected

    • Significance: Served as administrative seat before British annexation

    • Condition: Mostly lost; local memory remains

  • Sumerpur Fort (Sumerpur town)

    • Builder: Local zamindars

    • Condition: Fragmented; no visible large structures today


3. Raebareli District

  • Fort of Osa (near Dalmau)

    • Builder: Local rulers (likely Gaharwar lineage)

    • Status: Not ASI-listed

    • Significance: Dalmau was ancient settlement with multiple medieval forts

    • Condition: Ruined

  • Fort of Dalmau (on Ganga bank)

    • Builder: Various dynasties, including Surs and Mughals

    • Style: Riverbank defensive fort

    • Status: Partial ASI/local protected

    • Condition: Some walls, bastions visible; urban encroachment


4. Hardoi District

  • Shahabad Fort (Shahabad town)

    • Builder: Diler Khan (under Shah Jahan)

    • Style: Mughal-Rajput fusion; square fort with mosque and inner palace

    • Status: Not ASI-protected

    • Significance: Important suba HQ during Mughal Awadh rule

    • Condition: Central gate and sections intact; mosque in use

  • Gausganj Fort Ruins

    • Condition: Minor earthworks; locally known site

    • Status: Not protected


5. Sitapur District

  • Khairabad Fort (historical region)

    • Builder: Possibly Pathans or early Nawabi commanders

    • Significance: Khairabad was an early trade and administrative center

    • Condition: No major remains survive; known from texts

    • Status: Not protected

  • Misrikh Fort Mound

    • Link: Ancient site with strategic high ground

    • Condition: Archaeological remains; little above-ground fortification


6. Lakhimpur Kheri District

  • Muhamdi Fort (Muhamdi town)

    • Builder: Pathan governors (possibly under Sher Shah Suri / early Mughals)

    • Status: Locally preserved; not ASI-listed

    • Significance: Local strategic seat; visible walls

    • Condition: Some structures remain

  • Palia Fort (near Nepal border)

    • Condition: Mostly ruins or undocumented

    • Likely: Local zamindari post for Terai control

🔷 Faizabad (Ayodhya) Division

(Districts: Ayodhya, Sultanpur, Amethi, Ambedkar Nagar, Barabanki)


1. Ayodhya District

  • Ramkot Fort Area (Ancient Ayodhya)

    • Builder: Mythologically attributed to Lord Ram; historically restructured by Hindu kings and Nawabs

    • Style: Defensive mound with later palace/temple complexes

    • Status: ASI-protected zone (many sub-sites like Hanuman Garhi)

    • Significance: Pilgrimage + strategic riverfront watchpoint

    • Condition: Heritage site; not a fort in classical sense but fortified religious precinct

  • Hanuman Garhi

    • Style: Fortified monastery with bastions and inner sanctum

    • Condition: Excellent; actively maintained

    • Status: Religious-fort hybrid


2. Sultanpur District

  • Koeripur Fort

    • Builder: Local Rajput rulers

    • Status: Not ASI-protected

    • Significance: Controlled Sultanpur-Azamgarh trade axis

    • Condition: Limited remains

  • Chandapur Fort (Rampur-Bhagwanpur area)

    • Builder: Possibly under medieval chieftains

    • Condition: Ruins; foundation mounds

    • Status: Locally referenced; undocumented


3. Amethi District

  • Amethi Fort

    • Builder: Rajput rajas of Amethi state (Bisen lineage)

    • Style: Fort-palace with bastions, moat traces

    • Status: Not ASI-listed; local heritage monument

    • Significance: Power center till early 20th century

    • Condition: Moderate; under royal descendants

  • Raipur Phulwari Fort

    • Builder: Bhadri zamindars

    • Condition: Earthworks visible; partial habitation

    • Status: Not protected


4. Ambedkar Nagar District

  • Akatikhera Fort (Tanda region)

    • Builder: Mughal-period faujdar

    • Status: Minor archaeological mound

    • Condition: Lost to urbanization

  • Rajepur Fort Site

    • Condition: Village stronghold; ruined walls

    • Status: Not documented by ASI


5. Barabanki District

  • Dewa Fort Remains

    • Builder: Local Pathan rulers or zamindars

    • Status: Not protected

    • Significance: Linked to Sufi pilgrimage site (Haji Waris Ali Shah)

    • Condition: Trace elements; urban encroachment

  • Rudauli Fort (Rudauli town)

    • Builder: Possibly early Pathan lords

    • Style: Typical small town fortification

    • Status: Ruins only

🔷 Kanpur Division

(Districts: Kanpur Nagar, Kanpur Dehat, Auraiya, Etawah, Farrukhabad)


1. Kanpur Nagar District

  • Kanpur Fort (Nawabganj)

    • Builder: British Colonel John Hessing (1825) on the ruins of Holkar–British War fort

    • Style: European artillery fort with bastions

    • Status: ASI-protected as part of heritage structures

    • Significance: Center of 1857 Siege of Cawnpore

    • Condition: Preserved partially; being restored

  • Chandari Fort (near Jyoti Cinema)

    • Builder: Possibly Maratha/villager-built in 18th–19th c.

    • Status: Local ruins

    • Condition: Site encroached


2. Kanpur Dehat District

  • Rania Fort (Rani Bazar)

    • Builder: Local zamindars (18th–19th c.)

    • Style: Small masonry fort

    • Status: Not ASI-listed

    • Condition: Partial remains; private use

  • Akbarpur Fort (Akbarpur town)

    • Builder: Attributed to local Pathan or Bundela chiefs

    • Condition: Ruins with mound remains


3. Auraiya District

  • Kalinjar-Mahamaya Fort Influence

    • Builder: Subfortress under Bundela control

    • Status: Not ASI

    • Condition: Minor ruins on hillocks

  • Etawah Road Fort (Amritpur belt)

    • Builder: Zamindars

    • Condition: Negligible remnants


4. Etawah District

  • Bharthana Fort

    • Builder: Gaharwar Rajputs

    • Status: None

    • Condition: Local village remains

  • Etawah Fort (Etawah town)

    • Builder: Rajputs/Sultans

    • Condition: Mound remains, some foundations

  • Sumer Singh Fort

    • Location: Etawah city, perched strategically on the Yamuna ravines.

    • Built by: Raja Sumer Singh, a local ruler from the 18th–19th century.

    • Architecture: Blend of Rajputana and Mughal styles; bastions, arched verandahs, decorative jharokhas. The view over the Chambal-Yamuna ravines is breathtaking.

    • Cultural Note: Locals refer to it as a "phenomenal fort" due to its scenic and architectural beauty.

    • Status: Partially maintained, needs elevation to a state or national heritage site.

    • Potential: Ideal for adaptive reuse as a heritage tourism site, given its intact core structures and location.


5. Farrukhabad District

  • Farrukhabad Fort

    • Builder: Nawab Muhammad Khan Bangash (1714)

    • Style: Mughal-Indian with large ramparts, gates

    • Status: ASI-protected remnants

    • Significance: Capital of Farrukhabad Subah; later British post

    • Condition: Gateway arches, bastion sections visible

  • Shamsabad Fort Remains

    • Builder: Mughal-era regional forts

    • Condition: Scant ruins; cultivation over site


🛡️ 1. Azamgarh District

Azamgarh Fort (Azmatgarh / Lakdi Ki Taal)

Daulat Ibrahim Khan Tomb / Fort


🏰 2. Ballia District

  • No notable medieval or Mughal forts recorded by ASI or district heritage sources. mau.nic.in+3azamgarh.nic.in+3azamgarh.nic.in+3

    • Ballia’s historical significance is tied to colonial-era uprisings (Chittu Pandey, 1857) and riverside trade, not fortress architecture.


🏯 3. Mau District

Katra Fort / Residences (Mau City)

  • Location: Katra area in Mau city. mau.nic.in+7Reddit+7Times of India+7Wikipedia+2Wikipedia+2Reddit+2

  • Builder & Era: Constructed/fortified under Princess Jahanara Begum’s oversight (1629, Shah Jahan era). Wikipedia

  • Features & Condition: Included royal residence, barracks, Shahi Masjid, and an underground tunnel (~16–17 ft deep); only ruins remain, foundations occasionally uncovered via borewells. Wikipedia

  • Status: Local historic remains, not ASI-listed.



🏰 Basti District

SiteEra & BuilderFeatures & ConditionProtection Status
Amorha Khas “Mahal” site (Amorha)18th–19th c., Suryavanshi Rajputs, Raja Zalim SinghFortified mansion with old walls, bullet marks from 1857, rumored secret tunnel—today a memorial shrine area Times of India+12basti.nic.in+12sknagar.nic.in+12sknagar.nic.in+9Wikipedia+9Wikipedia+9Local heritage (not ASI-listed)
Chhawani (Amorha cantonment)Stronghold of 1857 revolutionariesSite of martyr hangings under a pipal tree; now has a memorial park Revolutionary heritage memorial
Makhauda Dham areaMythological-Vedic era (Dashrath, Rama)Strategic ashram site; no proper fortification, but historically fortified religious zone ASI-sensitive archaeological zone

🛡️ Sant Kabir Nagar District


📌 Siddharthnagar District

  • No prominent documented fortifications: This district has no recognized forts or fortified palaces in available heritage records or local tourism sources.



🏰 Chitrakoot Division – Forts by District

1. Banda District

Kalinjar Fort

  • Location: Naraini Tehsil, Banda

  • Builder/Dynasty: Chandela rulers (10th century); older legends go back to Raja Kedar (7th century)

  • Architecture: Massive hill fort on Vindhya range, 7.5 km wall perimeter, multiple temples inside (e.g., Neelkanth Mahadev), seven gates

  • Protection: ASI-listed Monument of National Importance

  • Significance: Among India’s most ancient forts; considered impregnable; key seat of Chandela dynasty; site of multiple major sieges (Mahmud Ghazni, Sher Shah Suri, Mughals, British)

  • Current Condition: Partially ruined but major sections intact; open to tourists

🏛️ Other Sites (Possible Fortified Structures)

  • Bhuragarh Fort – Near Banda city, likely Bundela-period ruins

  • Protection: Not ASI-listed; condition very poor


2. Chitrakoot District

  • Known Forts: No major fort in current ASI list or regional record for Chitrakoot district proper.

  • Historical Context: Region known more for religious and mythological significance (e.g. Ramghat, Hanuman Dhara, Gupt Godavari), not military forts.

  • Local Legends: Some mention of minor "durgs" (fortified ashrams) used during medieval invasions, but no surviving structure qualifies as a traditional fort.


3. Hamirpur District

Rath Fort (also called Rath Qila)

  • Location: Rath town

  • Builder: King Ram Singh Bundela (early 17th century)

  • Architecture: Fortified palace with high walls, bastions, and a moat (now dried); Bundeli-Rajput style

  • Protection: Not ASI-protected; state or local body oversight (debatable)

  • Significance: Administrative and military seat of Bundela chieftains of Rath

  • Condition: Inner structures decayed; outer walls survive; needs conservation

🔎 Kurara Fort (Kurara Qila) – Near Kurara town

  • Status: Local references exist; may have remnants or was a jagirdar stronghold; unverified structurally

  • Protection: Not listed in ASI/state records


4. Mahoba District

Rahila Sagar Sun Temple & Fortified Complex

  • Location: Near Mahoba city

  • Builder: Chandela king Rahila Deva (9th century)

  • Architecture: Temple-fort complex with ramparts

  • Protection: ASI-listed

  • Significance: Religious-fortified hillock serving as defense line and temple zone

  • Condition: Under ASI; accessible

Gokhar Parvat Fort

  • Location: Near Madan Sagar Lake, Mahoba

  • Dynasty: Chandela

  • Features: Hill fort ruins; battlements visible

  • Protection: Not officially listed by ASI; local recognition

  • Condition: Ruins

Chandika Devi Fort

  • Location: Near Mahoba

  • Association: Chandela rulers

  • Protection: Locally maintained; ASI not listed

  • Notes: Has temple with fortification walls

Vijay Sagar Fort (and lake complex)

  • Features: Part of Mahoba’s famed lakes-and-forts ecosystem

  • Builder: Chandela period

  • Notes: Fortified embankments and gateways along the lake


🔍 Summary Table

DistrictFort NameDynastyCenturyStatusProtectionCondition
BandaKalinjar FortChandela10th (or earlier)Major FortASI-protectedPartially intact
BandaBhuragarh Fort (ruins)Bundela17thMinor FortNot listedRuined
ChitrakootNo fort known
HamirpurRath FortBundela17thMinor FortNot listedDecayed
MahobaRahila Sagar Fort/TempleChandela9th–10thReligious-FortASI-protectedGood
MahobaGokhar Parvat FortChandela9th–11thHill FortNot listedRuins
MahobaChandika Devi FortChandela10thTemple-FortNot listedGood
MahobaVijay Sagar FortChandela11thWater FortNot listedPartial remains


🏰 Devipatan Division – Forts by District (Uttar Pradesh)


1. Gonda District

Tarabganj Fort

  • Location: Tarabganj, near Gonda–Faizabad Road

  • Built By: Local taluqdars (Zamindars) under Nawabi period (18th–19th century)

  • Features: Fortified residence (kothi-style), boundary walls, moat traces

  • Protection: Not ASI-listed

  • Condition: Partially intact; converted into administrative or private use

  • Significance: Key during 1857 mutiny in Oudh region

🔍 Colonial Gonda Fort (Gonda Estate Fort)

  • Location: Near Gonda City

  • Background: British-era fortress near collectorate, related to Gonda Rajas

  • Condition: Mostly gone; remnants in private estate grounds


2. Bahraich District

Nanpara Fort

  • Location: Nanpara, Bahraich (border region near Nepal)

  • Built By: Nanpara Nawabs / Rajas (Mughal–Nawabi era, 18th century)

  • Features: Defensive walls, gatehouses; acted as a fortified estate

  • Protection: Not ASI-protected

  • Condition: Inner structures lost, gates survive

  • Significance: Important border stronghold, loyal to British during 1857

Kaiserganj Fort (Tej Singh Fort)

  • Location: Kaiserganj Tehsil

  • Built By: Raja Tej Singh, early 19th century

  • Protection: Not ASI-listed

  • Condition: Some remains survive (inner walls)

✅ Pipri Fort (near Payagpur)

  • Close to Payagpur, in Pipri village, there is a historical fort built around 1867 by the descendants of Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s family, specifically Raja Jagdev Singh and his sister Kunwari Singh.

  • The fort originally covered around 1 acre, with 25 acres of surrounding estate considered heritage land.

  • Unfortunately, the Ghaghra River’s encroachment, erosion, and lack of maintenance have left the fort in severe disrepair.

  • Local descendants are trying to protect even the remaining bricks from being lost.

✅ Chandra bhawan palace of Janwar rajputs..

✅ 


3. Balrampur District

Tulsipur Fort

  • Location: Tulsipur town (adjacent to Nepal border)

  • Dynasty: Tulsipur Rajas (linked with the Oudh princely state)

  • Built: Late Mughal–British era (18th–19th century)

  • Features: Fortified hillock with watchtower, palace-like structure

  • Condition: Poor; ruins remain

  • Protection: Not protected by ASI

  • Significance: Rebel base in 1857, clashed with Nepal’s support for British

Balrampur Palace/Fortified Estate

  • Location: Balrampur town

  • Current Use: Heritage property (private royal estate, still maintained)

  • Features: Fortified garden palace (not a military fort per se)


4. Shravasti District

🕉️ Ancient Shravasti Fortifications (Jetavana)

  • Location: Sahet–Mahet (Shravasti town)

  • Civilization: Ancient Kosala Kingdom (6th century BCE–3rd century CE)

  • Features: Brick walls, moat system, bastion ruins surrounding city

  • Protection: ASI-protected ancient site

  • Condition: Foundations and low brick walls preserved

  • Significance: One of the 6 greatest cities in ancient India; Lord Buddha spent 24 rainy seasons here


📊 Summary Table – Devipatan Division

DistrictFort NameBuilder / PeriodTypeProtectionConditionNotes
GondaTarabganj FortNawabi taluqdars (18thC)Fortified kothiNot ASIPartially intact1857 mutiny ties
BahraichNanpara FortNanpara Nawabs (18thC)Estate fortNot ASIGates survivePolitical & border importance
BahraichKaiserganj FortRaja Tej Singh (19thC)Minor fortNot ASIPartial ruinsMinor military use
BalrampurTulsipur FortTulsipur Rajas (18th–19thC)Hill fortificationNot ASIMostly ruinedRebel base in 1857
BalrampurBalrampur PalaceRoyal family estateFortified palacePrivateWell maintainedHeritage value
ShravastiJetavana Fortified SiteKosala rulers (BCE era)Urban brick rampartsASI-protectedRuinsAncient city wall of Buddhist/early Hindu era

🏰 Jhansi Division – Forts by District

Jhansi Division includes the following 3 districts:

  • Jhansi

  • Jalaun

  • Lalitpur


1. Jhansi District

Jhansi Fort

  • Location: Jhansi City (on Bangira hill)

  • Builder: Raja Bir Singh Deo (Bundela ruler of Orchha) in 1613 CE

  • Dynasties: Bundela → Maratha (Newalkar) → British

  • Architecture: Massive stone walls, 10 gates, watchtowers, water tank, temples (Shiv & Ganesh), garden, Rani Mahal

  • Protection: ASI-protected Monument of National Importance

  • Condition: Well-preserved; tourist site with sound-and-light show

  • Significance: Famous for Rani Lakshmi Bai’s resistance during the 1857 revolt


Baruasagar Fort

  • Location: Baruasagar, ~20 km from Jhansi

  • Builder: Bundela kings (likely Raja Udit Singh)

  • Era: 17th century

  • Architecture: Hilltop fort overlooking Baruasagar Lake; stone masonry, bastions

  • Protection: State protected

  • Condition: Partially preserved

  • Significance: Strategic watchpost on Bundelkhand route; scenic viewpoint


Gairkheda Fort (Ruins)

  • Location: Near Jhansi–Mauranipur road

  • History: Local Bundela fort, possibly dating to 17th–18th century

  • Status: Not protected

  • Condition: Ruined

  • Significance: Local heritage site

✅Amargarh Fort 

✅Tahrauli Fort 

✅Samthar Fort

✅Star Fort in Jhansi cantt..


2. Jalaun District

Kalpi Fort

  • Location: Kalpi town (on banks of Yamuna)

  • Builder: Probably constructed by rulers of the Kachhwaha clan (9th–11th century), modified by Afghans and Mughals

  • Later Rulers: Sher Shah Suri, Akbar, Marathas, British

  • Architecture: Fortified walls, gateways; Indo-Afghan influence

  • Protection: State protected monument

  • Condition: Partial ruins remain

  • Significance: Sher Shah Suri died near here; historical garrison town


Orai Fort (Now a collectorate area)

  • Location: Orai City

  • History: Fortified town during Mughal-Maratha times; later converted into administrative estate

  • Protection: Not protected

  • Condition: Minimal remains


3. Lalitpur District

Deogarh Fort

  • Location: Near Betwa River, Deogarh (50 km from Lalitpur town)

  • Builder: Gupta and later Pratihara dynasty; expanded by Gonds and Bundelas

  • Features: Hill fortress; nearby is Dashavatara Vishnu Temple (5th century CE)

  • Protection: ASI protected

  • Condition: Ruins and stone walls visible

  • Significance: Religious-fortified zone; critical during Bundela rule


Chandpur Fort

  • Location: Chandpur village, Lalitpur

  • Builder: Local Bundela chieftains

  • Era: 17th century

  • Condition: Partial ruins

  • Status: Not protected

  • Notes: Needs more documentation


Talbehat Fort

  • Location: Talbehat town (on Jhansi–Lalitpur rail line)

  • Builder: Raja Bharat Shah (Bundela)

  • Architecture: Lakeside fort with watchtowers, thick walls

  • Protection: State protected monument

  • Condition: Fairly preserved

  • Significance: Important Bundela post; used during British colonial period


📊 Summary Table – Jhansi Division Forts

DistrictFort NameDynasty/BuilderCenturyProtectionConditionNotes
JhansiJhansi FortBundela (Bir Singh Deo)17thASIExcellentHeroic stand by Rani Lakshmi Bai in 1857
JhansiBaruasagar FortBundelas17thState ProtectedPartialScenic fort over lake
JhansiGairkheda FortBundelas17th–18thNot protectedRuinsLocal hill fort
JalaunKalpi FortKachhwaha/Suri/Mughals9th–16thState ProtectedPartialSher Shah Suri died nearby
JalaunOrai FortMughal/Maratha16th–18thNot protectedBarely remainsBecame admin HQ
LalitpurDeogarh FortPratihara/Bundela8th–12thASIStone ruinsNear Vishnu Temple (Dashavatara)
LalitpurTalbehat FortBundelas17thState ProtectedGoodLakeside hill fort
LalitpurChandpur FortBundelas17thNot protectedRuinsLesser-known site needing study

🏰 Lucknow Division – Forts by District

Lucknow Division includes the following 6 districts:

  • Lucknow

  • Hardoi

  • Lakhimpur Kheri

  • Raebareli

  • Sitapur

  • Unnao


1. Lucknow District

Macchi Bhawan (Macchi Bhavan Fort Complex)

  • Location: Inside Bara Imambara Complex

  • Builder: Originally by Mughals; renovated by Nawabs of Awadh

  • Era: Mughal (17th century) to Nawabi (18th century)

  • Architecture: Fort-like citadel; Mughal with Persian-style courtyards and battlements

  • Protection: ASI protected

  • Condition: Ruins; some walls remain

  • Significance: Original administrative seat before Nawabi palaces


Dilkusha Kothi (Fortified Palace)

  • Location: Gomti banks

  • Builder: Nawab Saadat Ali Khan (1800s), inspired by English baroque style

  • Architecture: Not a fort, but a fortified palace; British military used it in 1857

  • Condition: Partial ruins

  • Protection: ASI

  • Significance: Key location in 1857 Siege of Lucknow


Residency Complex (Lucknow Residency)

  • Built by: Nawabs for British Resident

  • Type: Fortified colonial estate

  • Protection: ASI

  • Historical Role: Center of British defense during 1857

  • Condition: Preserved as 1857 war memorial


2. Hardoi District

Sandi Fort (Ruins)

  • Location: Sandi town

  • Builder: Chandela Rajputs

  • Era: 10th–11th century CE

  • Condition: Mostly in ruins

  • Protection: Not officially protected

  • Significance: One of the oldest sites in Awadh–Bundelkhand border


Bilgram Fort (Khanaqah Fortified Walls)

  • Location: Bilgram town

  • Dynasty: Delhi Sultanate, then Nawabs

  • Protection: Not protected

  • Condition: Minimal remains of fortified estate

  • Notes: Historically important town


3. Lakhimpur Kheri District

Muhammadabad Fort

  • Location: Near Gola Gokarannath

  • Era: Likely Nawabi or local rajas

  • Condition: Minor remains

  • Notes: Poorly documented, needs ASI study


4. Raebareli District

Dalmau Fort

  • Location: Dalmau town, on banks of the Ganga

  • Builder: Built by Bara Bir (legendary warrior), later fortified by Mughals and Nawabs

  • Era: Pre-Mughal to Nawabi era

  • Architecture: Elevated stone bastion overlooking Ganges

  • Protection: ASI protected

  • Condition: Partial ruins remain

  • Significance: Cultural seat of poets; medieval garrison


Samaspur Fort (Private Estate)

  • Location: Near Raebareli

  • Condition: Remnants only

  • History: Part of zamindari fortifications

  • Protection: Not protected


5. Sitapur District

Khairabad Fort (Ruins)

  • Location: Khairabad town

  • History: Important trade center during Mughal period

  • Condition: Ruins remain of fortified walls

  • Notes: Poorly preserved, but once important during 18th century


6. Unnao District

Unnao Fort (Zamindari Remains)

  • Location: Unnao city

  • Builder: Rajput landlords

  • Era: 17th–19th century

  • Protection: Not ASI

  • Condition: Mostly absorbed into town; scattered remnants


Safipur Fort (Kesar Kila)

  • Location: Safipur town

  • History: Important in Mughal–Nawabi transitions

  • Condition: Remnants remain

  • Notes: Locally revered


📊 Summary Table – Lucknow Division Forts

DistrictFort NameEra / BuilderProtectionConditionNotes
LucknowMacchi BhawanMughals / NawabsASIRuinsEarly fort of Lucknow
LucknowResidencyNawabs / BritishASIWell-preserved1857 revolt centerpiece
LucknowDilkusha KothiNawabsASIRuinsBaroque palace-fort
HardoiSandi FortChandela RajputsNoRuinsOne of oldest sites in area
HardoiBilgram FortDelhi Sultanate/NawabiNoMinimal remainsHistoric town walls
Lakhimpur KheriMuhammadabad FortLocal rulers/NawabsNoMinor remainsNeeds documentation
RaebareliDalmau FortBara Bir/Mughals/NawabsASIRuinsOn Ganga, cultural fort
RaebareliSamaspur FortZamindarsNoMinimal remainsPrivate estate
SitapurKhairabad FortMughalsNoRuinsImportant medieval trade town
UnnaoSafipur FortNawabs / ZamindarsNoPartial remainsNeeds conservation
UnnaoUnnao Fort (Estate)ZamindarsNoFew remnantsUrbanized over time


🏯 Gorakhpur Division – Forts by District

Gorakhpur Division consists of the following 4 districts:

  • Gorakhpur

  • Kushinagar

  • Maharajganj

  • Deoria


1. Gorakhpur District

Shahpur Fort (Tikri Kila / Shahpur Kothi)

  • Location: Shahpur Tikri, near Gorakhpur city

  • Builder: Local Rajput zamindars (Tikri Estate)

  • Era: 17th–19th century

  • Architecture: Fortified estate; red-brick walls, dungeons, and arches

  • Protection: Not ASI-protected

  • Condition: Partially intact; some buildings still used privately

  • Significance: A rare example of fortified zamindari haveli in the region


Maniram Fort (Minor Estate)

  • Location: Maniram town

  • Condition: Only gatehouse survives

  • Era: Possibly Nawabi period

  • Notes: Local oral traditions claim former stronghold of feudal landholders


2. Kushinagar District

Primarily known for Buddhist heritage, not forts. But some minor fortified sites are mentioned:

Padrauna Fort (Lost Fortification Site)

  • Location: Padrauna town

  • Era: Possibly 18th century

  • Builder: Local taluqdars

  • Condition: Only the name and boundary walls exist

  • Significance: Fortified administrative site during Nawabi-British transition


Ramkola Fort (Mythical / Folk Site)

  • Location: Near Ramkola

  • Legend: Local legend associates the site with ancient kings, but no concrete evidence

  • Condition: No preserved structure

  • Notes: Mentioned in folk epics; could be archaeological interest


3. Maharajganj District

Nichlaul Fort (Ruins)

  • Location: Nichlaul town (close to Indo-Nepal border)

  • Builder: Tharu Rajputs / tribal kings

  • Era: Pre-Mughal tribal fortification

  • Condition: Earth mound remains; destroyed during colonial annexation

  • Significance: Frontier defense post


Dhani Fort (Obscure Fortified Mound)

  • Location: Dhani near Pharenda

  • Condition: Archaeological interest; fortified earthen walls found

  • Notes: Locally believed to be part of ancient Tharu principality


4. Deoria District

Barhaj Fort (Zamindari Estate Fort)

  • Location: Barhaj, on Ghaghara river

  • Builder: Local zamindars

  • Era: 18th–19th century

  • Condition: Major parts lost in floods

  • Notes: Strategic riverside defense; historical mentions in land records


Rudrapur Fort (Lost Site)

  • Location: Rudrapur town

  • Notes: Oral history speaks of a large mud fort, but now completely urbanized


📊 Summary Table – Gorakhpur Division Forts

DistrictFort NameBuilder / EraConditionProtectionNotes
GorakhpurShahpur Fort (Tikri)Rajput Zamindars (17C)PartialNoStill partially in use privately
GorakhpurManiram FortNawabi feudal lordsMinimalNoGatehouse remains
KushinagarPadrauna FortNawabi/ZamindarsTracesNoLittle survives; place name lives on
KushinagarRamkola Fort (Myth)Folk historyNo structureNoCultural reference site
MaharajganjNichlaul FortTharu RajputsMoundsNoBorder tribal stronghold
MaharajganjDhani FortTribal rulersArchaeologicalNoPossible ASI interest
DeoriaBarhaj FortZamindars (18–19C)Mostly lostNoFlood-prone; riverside fort
DeoriaRudrapur FortLocal lordsLostNoUrbanized; folklore remains

 

🏯 Faizabad (Ayodhya) Division – Forts by District

This division includes 6 districts:

  • Ayodhya (Faizabad)

  • Ambedkar Nagar

  • Sultanpur

  • Amethi

  • Barabanki

  • Gonda


1. Ayodhya (Faizabad) District

Ramkot Fort (Mythical / Lost)

  • Location: Ayodhya city

  • Legend: Capital fort of Lord Ram; referred to in the Ramayana

  • Current structure: No preserved fort, but site marked by Ramkot Temple

  • Protection: Religious site, not ASI-listed as a fort

  • Significance: Cultural cornerstone of Hindu belief


Chhoti Chhawni (Guptar Ghat Area)

  • Location: Ayodhya town

  • Builder: Nawabs of Awadh

  • Era: 18th century

  • Architecture: Mughal-Rajput style; palace-fort type

  • Protection: Partially under state tourism

  • Use: Religious lodgings and ashrams today


Gulab Bari Fortified Complex

  • Location: Faizabad

  • Builder: Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula

  • Era: Mid 18th century

  • Architecture: Garden tomb with fortified boundary, guard towers

  • Protection: ASI listed

  • Significance: Burial site; surrounded by thick walls like a mini fort


2. Ambedkar Nagar District

Akbarpur Fort (Lost Nawabi Fortress)

  • Location: Akbarpur town

  • Builder: Local Awadh administrators

  • Era: 18th–19th century

  • Condition: Little survives, turned into marketplace

  • Notes: Mentioned in colonial gazetteers as a fortified outpost


Jahangirganj Fort Ruins

  • Location: Jahangirganj town

  • Builder: Unknown, possibly Pathan zamindars

  • Condition: Only partial walls exist

  • Use: Locals use walls for housing compound


3. Sultanpur District

Koeripur Fort

  • Location: Koeripur town

  • Builder: Taluqdars of Koeripur

  • Era: 18th century

  • Condition: Gateway remains, houses built inside

  • Significance: Zamindari defense post


Sultanpur Fort (Lost Mughal Garrison)

  • Location: Sultanpur town (near river)

  • Notes: British records mention a Mughal-era fortified site

  • Condition: No visible remains now


4. Amethi District

Raja Amethi Fort (Amethi Kila)

  • Location: Amethi town

  • Builder: Rajput Rajas of Amethi Estate

  • Era: 17th–19th century

  • Architecture: Fortified palace with bastions

  • Condition: Good, still in use by descendants

  • Significance: One of the best-preserved taluqdari forts in the region


Rasoolpur Fort

  • Location: Gauriganj block

  • Builder: Feudal chieftains

  • Condition: Wall remnants


5. Barabanki District

Dewa Fort (Lost Rajput Stronghold)

  • Location: Dewa Sharif

  • Builder: Local Rajputs before it became Sufi shrine

  • Notes: Converted into Sufi spiritual center; no military remains


Ramnagar Fort (Barabanki)

  • Location: Near Rudauli tehsil

  • Condition: Earthen ramparts visible

  • Era: Pre-British Rajput stronghold


6. Gonda District

Mankapur Fort

  • Location: Mankapur town

  • Builder: Raja Dinesh Singh (descendant of Suryavanshi Rajputs)

  • Era: 18th–19th century

  • Architecture: Large palace-fort, live-in estate

  • Condition: Maintained, still occupied

  • Significance: Hosted nationalist gatherings during Independence


Colonial Fort Ruins in Colonelganj

  • Location: Colonelganj (named after British officer)

  • Use: Military station; minor redoubt used by East India Co.

  • Condition: Lost


📊 Summary Table – Faizabad (Ayodhya) Division Forts

DistrictFort NameBuilder / EraConditionProtectionNotes
AyodhyaRamkot Fort (mythical)Treta Yuga (legend)Religious siteNoCultural legacy of Lord Ram
AyodhyaChhoti ChhawniNawabs of AwadhIntactStateConverted to religious ashrams
AyodhyaGulab Bari ComplexNawab Shuja-ud-DaulaWell-preservedASIFortified tomb garden
Ambedkar NagarAkbarpur FortNawabi officersLostNoMentioned in gazetteers
Ambedkar NagarJahangirganj FortPathan zamindarsWalls remainNoLocal usage
SultanpurKoeripur FortKoeripur TaluqdarsGateway remainsNoZamindari structure
AmethiAmethi KilaRajput rulersGoodNoStill used by former royal family
BarabankiDewa FortRajputs → Sufi conversionLostNoNow a dargah
GondaMankapur FortSuryavanshi Rajput kingsMaintainedNoPolitically significant during British Raj

🏯 Mirzapur Division – Forts by District

Mirzapur Division includes 3 districts:

  1. Mirzapur

  2. Sonbhadra

  3. Bhadohi (Sant Ravidas Nagar)


🏰 1. Mirzapur District

Chunar Fort

  • Location: On banks of Ganga, near Vindyachal

  • Builder: Possibly Mauryas (initial); rebuilt by Sher Shah Suri

  • Era: Dates back to 2nd century BCE

  • Architecture: Sandstone fort atop a hill, triple defense walls, underground tunnels

  • Used by: Sher Shah Suri, Mughals, British (Warren Hastings)

  • Protection: ASI listed

  • Significance: One of UP’s most historically strategic forts (river + mountain)

  • Current Status: Well-preserved, tourism spot


Vindyachal Fort Site (Mythical / Religious)

  • Location: Vindyachal (Shaktipeeth)

  • Legend: Linked to Durga temple, part of sacred Vindhya hills fortifications

  • Structure: No major fort remains but elevated platforms, old stone ramparts near ghats


Barkachha Fort Ruins

  • Location: Barkachha area (rural plateau)

  • Builder: Rajput/Chero rulers

  • Condition: Ruins of boundary walls and watch posts

  • Notes: Strategically located near stone quarries


Kotwa Pahar (Hill Fort-like Outcrop)

  • Location: Near Ahraura forest range

  • Use: Tribal defense post (possibly Kol/Chero)

  • Structure: Remains of stone battlements


🏰 2. Sonbhadra District

This is fort country – full of Vindhyan rock forts, tribal fortresses, and Chero bastions.

Agori Fort

  • Location: Near Chopan (Sone river valley)

  • Builder: Chero dynasty

  • Era: Pre-Mughal tribal kingdom

  • Architecture: Stone-built, defensive garrison on a hilltop

  • Protection: ASI-monitored site

  • Significance: One of Eastern UP's oldest non-Hindu dynastic forts

  • Current Status: Accessible, partially ruined


Vijaygarh Fort

  • Location: Robertsganj (close to Dhandhraul Dam)

  • Builder: Cheros, expanded by British

  • Famous for: Princess Chandrakanta legend (novel by Devaki Nandan Khatri)

  • Condition: Partially preserved; includes temples, ponds, gateways

  • Protection: ASI listed

  • Terrain: High cliff in the Vindhya ranges

  • Significance: Cultural-literary-historical overlap


Fort of Naugarh (Naugarh Kila)

  • Location: Naugarh town

  • Builder: Feudal lord under British

  • Era: 19th century

  • Condition: Used by administration till late 20th century

  • Architecture: British-Rajput hybrid

  • Current Use: Government offices, partially dilapidated


Rajdari-Deodari Hill Fort Remains

  • Location: Near waterfalls

  • Notes: Fortified outcrops, used for guarding forest passes


🏰 3. Bhadohi District (Sant Ravidas Nagar)

This district has fewer known forts but served as a feudal buffer zone between Kashi and Vindhya tribes.

Gopiganj Zamindari Fort

  • Location: Gopiganj town

  • Builder: Local landlords under Nawabs of Awadh

  • Structure: Palace-fort type, now privately owned

  • Condition: Inner haveli remains, boundary walls broken


Suriyawan Fort Site (Lost)

  • Location: Suriyawan

  • Era: Mentioned in some travelogues

  • Condition: Only mound and oral traditions remain


📊 Summary Table – Forts in Mirzapur Division

DistrictFort NameBuilder / EraConditionProtectionNotes
MirzapurChunar FortMauryas → Sher ShahPreservedASIGanga hill fort, major historical site
MirzapurBarkachha FortRajput/CheroRuinsNoRural plateau fort
MirzapurVindhyachal SiteReligiousSymbolic onlyPilgrimageFortified temple zone
SonbhadraAgori FortChero DynastyPartially ruinedASITribal fort on cliff
SonbhadraVijaygarh FortChero → BritishPartially intactASITied to "Chandrakanta"
SonbhadraNaugarh FortBritish/CheroMixed useNoConverted to admin buildings
BhadohiGopiganj FortZamindarsDilapidatedNoFeudal fortification
BhadohiSuriyawan SiteUnknownLostNoMemory survives via folklore

🗺️ Moradabad Division – District-wise Forts Overview

This division consists of 5 districts:

  1. Moradabad

  2. Sambhal

  3. Rampur

  4. Amroha

  5. Bijnor


🏰 1. Moradabad District

Moradabad Fort (Ruins)

  • Original Builder: Raja Rustam Khan (1625 CE) under Mughal service

  • Location: Near old city core, Moradabad

  • Era: Mughal–Rohilla transition

  • Condition: Completely lost; fort mound remains

  • Current Use: City area has overtaken the site

  • Historical Note: Once known as Rustam Nagar; part of Mughal garrison system


Dilari Fortified Haveli (Zamindari)

  • Location: Dilari town

  • Structure: Fortified mansion used by zamindars

  • Notes: Now a heritage home with broken bastions


🏰 2. Sambhal District

Sambhal Fort (Now Lost)

  • Builder: Said to be Delhi Sultanate rulers, expanded by Mughals

  • Era: 14th–16th century

  • Significance: Sambhal was an administrative hub under early Mughals; Humayun appointed governors here

  • Condition: Fort no longer exists; remains lie beneath urban areas

  • Nearby Site: Ashokan Pillar fragment found in Sambhal, showing ancient importance


Hasanpur Fortified Mahal

  • Location: Near Hasanpur town border (Sambhal–Amroha zone)

  • Type: Mughal-period zamindari estate with small walls

  • Status: Ruins, used in local fairs


🏰 3. Rampur District

Rampur was capital of Rohilla Nawabs — a powerful Afghan-origin dynasty post-Mughal decline.

Rampur Fort (Rampur Kila)

  • Builder: Nawab Faizullah Khan (post-1774)

  • Structure: Fortified palace complex, including Raza Library

  • Architecture: Mughal–Rohilla hybrid with marble jalis, turrets

  • Current Use: Library, museum, and government quarters

  • Protection: ASI-protected

  • Significance: Cultural epicenter for Indo-Afghan and Persianate traditions


Bilaspur Kot (Fort Site)

  • Location: Bilaspur tehsil

  • Condition: Earthen ramparts and moat traceable

  • Era: Rohilla satellite fort

  • Notes: Not officially documented but known locally


🏰 4. Amroha District

Amroha Fortification Remnants

  • Location: Near old city mosque and imambara zone

  • Era: Delhi Sultanate & early Mughal

  • Condition: City walls, gates, and bastions barely remain

  • Local Lore: Once a walled town under Tughlaqs and Lodi rulers

  • Significance: Strategic location between Sambhal and Meerut axis


Rehra Fort-Haveli

  • Location: Rehra Kalan

  • Notes: Rural estate fortified in late Mughal era


🏰 5. Bijnor District

Bijnor was a Rohilla stronghold, known for multiple rural forts.

Najibabad Fort (Pathargarh Fort)

  • Builder: Nawab Najib-ud-Daula (Rohilla general under Ahmad Shah Abdali)

  • Era: Mid 18th century

  • Architecture: Rohilla-Afghan style, strong walls, multiple gates

  • Current Status: Partially preserved, large site

  • Protection: Listed by ASI and state archaeology

  • Significance: Base of Rohilla resistance vs British


Bijnor Fort (Kila)

  • Location: Bijnor town center

  • Status: No major structure left; fort area absorbed by the city

  • Era: Used by Rohillas and Nawabs

  • Note: Gateways and street names recall fort presence


Sherkot Fort Site

  • Location: Sherkot town

  • Notes: Historical bastion of Afghan settlers

  • Current Use: Fortified mosques, tombs survive


📊 Summary Table – Moradabad Division Forts

DistrictFort NameBuilder/EraConditionStatusNotes
MoradabadMoradabad FortRaja Rustam Khan, 1600sRuins/lostNot protectedUnder urban sprawl
SambhalSambhal FortDelhi Sultanate → MughalsLostNot protectedHistoric center
RampurRampur FortNawab Faizullah KhanGoodASI-protectedPalace-library complex
RampurBilaspur KotRohilla eraTraces onlyUnlistedEarthen ramparts
AmrohaAmroha FortificationLodi/MughalMinimal remainsNot listedImambara zone
BijnorNajibabad FortNawab Najib-ud-DaulaPartially intactASI-listedRohilla capital
BijnorSherkot SiteRohilla settlersTombs & gatesLocal heritageFortified mosques

forts in the Prayagraj (Allahabad) Division, which includes:

  • Prayagraj (Allahabad)

  • Pratapgarh

  • Kaushambi

  • Fatehpur


1. Prayagraj District

Allahabad Fort

  • Built by: Mughal Emperor Akbar in 1583 at Triveni Sangam

  • Features: Massive red sandstone walls, three adjacent galleries with corner towers, Chalees Satoon (40-pillared hall), and the sacred Akshayavat tree

  • Protection: ASI-protected Monument of National Importance

  • Condition: Well-preserved and open to visitors; historically strategic; 1857-era British arsenal located nearby


Khirki Fort

  • Location: Near Jhusi village, on Allahabad–Sultanpur road

  • Era: Cited in local oral traditions, possibly early medieval (10th–12th century)

  • Features: Brick foundations, small bastions; visible from road but not excavated

  • Protection: Not listed; potential ASI site requiring mapping


Sirsa Fort

  • Location: Sirsa village, near Allahabad Airport

  • Era: Likely Nawabi-era estate fort (17th–18th century)

  • Features: Ruined brick walls; local zamindar fort complex

  • Protection: Not ASI-protected


2. Fatehpur District

Fatehpur Fort (Kotla)

  • Location: On Yamuna’s right bank

  • Builder: Local Taluqdars of Fatehpur, possibly 18th–19th century

  • Architecture: Small fortified town with walls and bastions

  • Protection: Not listed by ASI

  • Condition: Partial ruins; integrated into local settlement


Khagrabari/Ekal Fort

  • Location: Rural Fatehpur block

  • Features: Ruined walls, moats; site of local legend about a “miracle”

  • Protection: Not listed


3. Kaushambi District

Kodai Fort

  • Location: Near Sirathu town

  • Era: Earliest: Chandela or Pratihara (10th–12th C); Later: Nawabs/1817

  • Features: Hillock walls, moats; includes small Hindu shrines

  • Protection: State-protected historic monument

  • Condition: Partial ruins; pilgrimage site


Sirathu Fort Complex

  • Location: Adjacent to Kodai Fort

  • Architecture: Extension of hill-fort defenses

  • Status: Not separately listed


4. Pratapgarh District

Kalagarh Fort

  • Location: Kalagarh village, near Pratapgarh city

  • Built by: Local chieftains—possibly Bundela/Taluqdari in 18th–19th C

  • Features: Brick walls, gatehouse; military-styled

  • Protection: Not ASI-listed

  • Condition: Ruined; part of a zamindari landscape


Kaili Fort Ruins

  • Location: Near Kaili village

  • Era: Unknown; perhaps early medieval

  • Features: Earthwork mounds and wall remnants

  • Protection: Not protected

✅ Amargarh Raj Mahal



📊 Summary Table – Prayagraj Division Forts

DistrictFort NameEra / BuilderProtection StatusConditionSignificance
PrayagrajAllahabad FortAkbar (1583)ASI-protectedExcellentMughal stronghold, Sangam landmark
PrayagrajKhirki FortEarly medieval (10th–12th C)Not listedRuinedArchaeological potential
PrayagrajSirsa FortNawabi estate (17th–18th C)Not listedRuinsLocal zamindar residence
FatehpurFatehpur FortTaluqdars (18th–19th C)Not listedPartial ruinsStrategic river town defense
FatehpurKhagrabari FortPossibly Taluqdari eraNot listedRuinsFolklore / minor heritage site
KaushambiKodai FortChandela → later NawabsState-protectedPartial ruinsHill-fort with temple precincts
KaushambiSirathu FortExtension of Kodai defensesNot listedRuinsDefensive adjunct of fort complex
PratapgarhKalagarh FortTaluqdari (local rulers)Not listedRuinsZamindari stronghold
PratapgarhKaili FortEarly medieval (probable)Not listedEarthwork ruinsArchaeological interest

🏰 Saharanpur District

1. Chaudharian Fort (Raja Sah Ranveer Singh’s Fort)

  • Location: Chaudharian locality, Old Saharanpur

  • Builder: Raja Sah Ranveer Singh (Agrawal Jain) under Akbar’s rule (~16th century)

  • Significance: Early fortified settlement forming the nucleus of medieval Saharanpur

  • Evidence: Ruins and foundations of walls still visible near the original city gates (Sarai, Mali, Buria, Lakhi) saharanpur.dcourts.gov.inWikipedia+4saharanpur.nic.in+4Wikipedia+4

  • Condition: Ruined and largely buried by urban expansion; some remnants visible beneath city fabric


2. Mughal-era Walled City with Four Gates

  • Era: 16th–17th century under Akbar’s administration

  • Features: Fortified urban perimeter with four major gates (Sarai, Mali, Buria, Lakhi) and boundary walls

  • Condition: Most gates and walls have disappeared; gate names survive in local toponyms


3. British Civil Station Fort / Gaol (Civil Jail)

  • Construction: Built by British around 1804–1857 as a defensive civil division station

  • Function: Housed civil administration and jail; partially converted into paddocks before 1857

  • Condition: Possibly repurposed/free-standing masonry; now difficult to identify amid administrative structures


4. Ahmedabadi Fortress (Nawab Ghulam Qadir’s Fort)


📊 Summary Table – Saharanpur Fort Structures

SiteBuilder / EraDescriptionCurrent ConditionProtection Status
Chaudharian FortRaja Sah Ranveer Singh (c. 16th C)Early fort at origin of walled cityRuins; partly buried in ChaudharianNot protected
Fortified Walled Old CityAkbar/Mughal eraCity walls, 4 gates (Sarai, Mali, Buria, Lakhi)Mostly disappearedNot protected
British Civil Station Fort/GaolBritish Raj (c. 1800s)Fortified civil/jail complexIncorporated into govt buildingsNot protected
Ahmedabadi FortressNawab Ghulam Qadir (late 18th C)Rohilla-built defensive structurePartial remains; needs identificationNot protected

Read More